Inspired by the Django URL configuration system, Flask-Via is designed to add similar functionality to Flask applications which have grown beyond a simple single file application.
from flask import Flask
from flask.ext.via import Via
from flask.ext.via.routers.default import Functional
app = Flask(__name__)
def foo(bar=None):
return 'Foo View!'
routes = [
Functional('/foo', foo),
Functional('/foo/<bar>', foo, endpoint='foo2'),
]
via = Via()
via.init_app(app, route_module='flask_via.examples.basic')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(debug=True)
Growing your application can be quite difficult when it’s not always clear where and how your routes are discovered. This can lead to a cluttered application factory method when all your routes are defined at application creation - resulting in code which is difficult to maintain, not to mention messy.
A better solution is to define your routes in a routes.py and automatically load them at application start up. This is what Flask-Via helps to do.
Third party Flask extensions don’t always follow the same conventions for adding routes to an application, so Flask-Via has been designed to be easy for developers to write their own custom routers. For an example of this, take a look at the bundled Flask-Restful Resource router.
If you do write a custom router that is useful to you, it will probably be useful to someone else so please do contribute back :)
Flask-Via is simple to install, just use your favourite python package manage, for example pip:
$ pip install Flask-Via
Once we have installed Flask-Via we need to perform the following steps:
The following example code performs the above steps with key lines emphasised.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | from flask import Flask
from flask.ext.via import Via
from flask.ext.via.routers.default import Functional
app = Flask(__name__)
def foo(bar=None):
return 'Foo View!'
routes = [
Functional('/foo', foo),
Functional('/foo/<bar>', foo, endpoint='foo2'),
]
via = Via()
via.init_app(app, route_module='path.to.here')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(debug=True)
|
Lines 10-13 show how routes are defined in a list using the basic flask router class (flask_via.routers.default.Functional).
Line 16 shows how we Flask-Via looks for where routes are defined, this can be set as we have done above or using the VIA_ROUTES_MODULE application configuration variable.
The following configuration variables can be set in your flask application config.
VIA_ROUTES_MODULE | This should be a string with the value of a python dotted path to your root module which contains routes, e.g: VIA_ROUTES_MODULE = 'yourapp.routes'
|
VIA_ROUTES_NAME | By default Via will look for a variable called routes within the routes module, if you want to call it something different then use this config variable, e.g: VIA_ROUTES_NAME = 'urls'
|
Routes can live anywhere you want them too, as long as they are importable.
You can tell Flask-Via where to find routes in a couple of ways:
You can use which ever you prefer.
from flask import Flask
from flask.ext.via import Via
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['VIA_ROUTES_MODULE'] = 'yourapp.routes'
via = Via()
via.init_app(app)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(debug=True)
from flask import Flask
from flask.ext.via import Via
app = Flask(__name__)
via = Via()
via.init_app(app, routes_module='yourapp.routes')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(debug=True)
The routes module should define a list of routes, by default this list is called routes:
routes = [
Functional('/', home),
Functional('/about', about),
]
You can configure Flask-Via to look for any variable name of your choosing, this is done by passing an argument named routes_name into init_app, for example:
via = Via()
via.init_app(app, routes_name='urls')
You can also make this setting permanent by using the VIA_ROUTES_NAME configuration variable:
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['VIA_ROUTES_MODULE'] = 'yourapp.routes'
app.config['VIA_ROUTES_NAME'] = 'urls'
via = Via()
via.init_app(app)
Note
If you set VIA_ROUTES_NAME overriding this using routes_name is still possible however this does not propagate over any routes which are included.
Assume we have the following application structure:
/path/to/foo
- __init__.py
- routes.py
- views.py
- app.py
Within views.py we have:
def home():
return 'Hello world!'
def about():
return 'The world is big'
Within routes.py we have:
from flask.ext.via.routers import default
urls = [
default.Functional('/', home),
default.Functional('/about', about),
]
Within app.py we have:
from flask import Flask
from flask.ext.via import Via
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['VIA_ROUTES_MODULE'] = 'foo.routes'
via = Via()
via.init_app(app, routes_name='urls')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(debug=True)
You will see we used routes_name when calling via.init_app to tell Via what variable to look for within the routes module.
Here you will find the documentation for each bundled router provided by Flask-Via.
These routers are designed to work with standard flask functional and class based pluggable views.
The flask_via.routers.default.Functional router handles basic functional based view routing.
from flask.ext.via.routers.default import Functional
def foo(bar=None):
return 'foo'
routes = [
Functional('/', foo),
Functional('/<bar>', foo, endpoint='foobar'),
]
The flask_via.routers.default.Pluggable router handles views created using Flasks pluggable views.
from flask.views import MethodView
from flask.ext.via.routers.default import Pluggable
class FooView(MethodView):
def get(self, bar=None):
return 'foo'
routes = [
Plugganle('/', FooView, 'foo'),
Plugganle('/<bar>', FooView, 'foobar'),
]
Flask-Restful is an awesome framework for building REST API’s in Flask but has it’s own way of adding routes to the Flask application, so tere is a little bit of extra work required when bootstrapping your application:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | from flask import Flask
from flask.ext import restful
from flask.ext.via import Via
app = Flask(__name__)
api = restful.Api(app)
via = Via()
via.init_app(
app,
routes_module='yourapp.routes',
restful_api=api)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
|
Note that on line 12 we passed a keyword argument called restful_api with the value being the Flask-Restful api object into via.init_app. This will allow the flask_via.routers.restful.Resource router to add resouce routes to the api.
Warning
Before using this router be sure you have read the section directly above.
The flask_via.routers.restful.Resource router allows us to register Flask-Restful resources to your application.
class FooResource(restful.Resource):
def get(self, bar=None):
return {'hello': 'world'}
routes = [
Resource('/', FooResource)
Resource('/<bar>', FooResource, endpoint='foobar')
]
As with the Flask-Restful router you need to pass an extra argument to via.init_app called flask_admin which should hold the Flask-Admin instance.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | from flask import Flask
from flask.ext.admin import Admin
from flask.ext.via import Via
app = Flask(__name__)
admin = Admin(name='Admin')
admin.init_app(app)
via = Via()
via.init_app(
app,
routes_module='flask_via.examples.admin',
flask_admin=admin)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
|
Note that line 14 is where the instantiated Flask-Admin instance gets passed into via.init_app.
Warning
Before using this router be sure you have read the section directly above.
The flask_via.routers.admin.AdminRoute router allows us to register Flask-Admin views to your application. Flask-Admin handles defining urls for its views so a url argument is not requied, all is required is the Flask-Admin view class.
class FooAdminView(BaseView):
@expose('/')
def index(self):
return 'foo'
@expose('/bar')
def index(self):
return 'bar'
routes = [
AdminRoute(FooAdminView(name='Foo'))
]
Sometimes you don’t want to define all your routes in one place, you want to be modular right!? You can do that too with Flask-Via.
The most basic way of including other routes is to use the flask_via.routers.Include router. This is not a intended replacement or implementation of Flask blueprints, just a simple way of putting routes somewhere else in your application.
Assume the following application structure:
/path/to/foo
- bar/
- __init__.py
- routes.py
- views.py
- __int__.py
- routes.py
In the top level routes.py we would have:
from flask.ext.via.routers import Include
routes = [
Include('foo.bar.routes')
]
In the foo.routes we would have:
from flask.ext.via.routes import default
from foo.bar.views import some_view
routes = [
default.Functional('/bar', some_view)
]
You can see this in action with the Small Application Example.
The flask_via.routers.Include class also allows you to add a url_prefix similar to blueprints.
The following routers support the url_prefix being passed to their add_to_app methods:
Assume the same application structure as in the above examples except the top level routes.py now looks like this:
from flask.ext.via.routers import Include
routes = [
Include('foo.bar.routes', url_prefix='/foo')
]
This will result in the url to the view becoming /foo/bar instead of /bar.
The flask_via.routers.Include router also allows you to add endpoint prefixes to your included routes, much like blueprints. This is supported by:
We will assume the same application structure as we have in the previous example applications. The top level routes.py can be altered as followes:
from flask.ext.via.routers import Include
routes = [
Include('foo.bar.routes', url_prefix='/foo', endpoint='foo')
]
We can now call url_for with foo.bar which would generate /foo/bar.
Flask Blueprints are also supported allowing Flask-Via.
You can either let Flask-Via automatically create and register your blueprint or create an instance of your blueprint and pass that to the Blueprint router.
See also
Note
All routes will be added to the blueprint rather than the flask application, this applies to any routes included using the Include router.
Let us assume we have the following application structure:
/path/to/foo
- bar/
- templates/
- foo.html
- __init__.py
- routes.py
- views.py
- __int__.py
- routes.py
In the above structure bar is a Flask blueprint which we wish to add to our flask application, so our top level routes would look like this:
from flask.ext.via.routers.default import Blueprint
routes = [
Blueprint('bar', 'foo.bar', template_folder='templates')
]
You will note we give the blueprint a name and pass the top level module path to the blueprint rather than a path to the routes file.
In our blueprints views we can define routes as normal:
from flask.ext.via.routes import default
from foo.bar.views import some_view
routes = [
default.Functional('/bar', some_view)
]
If you do not wish Flask-Via to automatically create the Blueprint instance you can pass a Blueprint instance as the first and only argument into the.
In the above example we would alter the contents of /path/to/foo/bar/routes.py as follows:
from flask import Blueprint
from flask.ext.via.routes import default
from foo.bar.views import some_view
blueprint = Blueprint('bar', 'foo.bar', template_folder='templates')
routes = [
default.Functional('/bar', some_view)
]
And now in our /path/to/foo/routes.py we would import the blueprint and pass it into the router:
from foo.bar.routes import blueprint
from flask.ext.via.routers.default import Blueprint
routes = [
Blueprint(blueprint)
]
Of course you can crate your Blueprint instance where ever you wish.
You can use the flask_via.routers.Include router to also include blueprints, you can even add url_prefix to prefix the blueprints url_prefix, crazy eh?
Let us assume we have the same application structure as in the earlier blueprint examples, except our top level routes.py now looks like this:
from flask.ext.via.routers import default, Include
routes = [
Include(
'foo.routes',
routes_name='api',
url_prefix='/api/v1',
endpoint='api.v1')
]
api = [
default.Blueprint('bar', 'foo.bar', url_prefix='/bar')
# These don't exist but are just for illustration purposes
default.Blueprint('baz', 'foo.baz', url_prefix='/baz')
default.Blueprint('fap', 'foo.fap', url_prefix='/fap')
]
Here we will include all the routes defined in the api list which are all blueprints, each blueprint will be registered with a url_prefix of /api/v1 as well their url prefixes for the blueprint, so the above blueprints will be accessible on the followibg urls:
If each of these blueprints had a route defined with a url of /bar these would be accessed on the following urls:
Hopefully you can see from this that flask_via.routers.Include coupled with flask_via.routers.default.Blueprint can offer some potentially powerful routing options for your application.
You will also notice we used the endpoint keyword agument in the Include. This means our urls can also be reversed using url_for, for example:
Here you can find examples of how to use Flask-Via. All examples are on GitHub.
Bases: object
Handles the import of routes module and obtaining a list of routes from that module as well as loading each route onto the application
New in version 2014.05.06.
Imports a routes module and gets the routes from within that module and returns them.
Parameters: |
|
---|---|
Returns: | List of routes in the module |
Return type: | list |
Raises: |
|
Bases: flask_via.RoutesImporter
The core class which kicks off the whole registration processes.
New in version 2014.05.06.
Example
from flask import Flask
from flask.ext.via import Via
from flask.ext.via.routers.flask import Basic
app = Flask(__name__)
def foo(bar=None):
return 'Foo View!'
routes = [
Basic('/foo', foo),
Basic('/foo/<bar>', foo, endpoint='foo2'),
]
via = Via()
via.init_app(app, routes_module='path.to.here')
if __name__ == "__main__":
app.run(debug=True)
Initialises Flask extension. Bootstraps the automatic route registration process.
Replace NotImplementedError with ImproperlyConfigured
routes_name keyword argument default value set to None
routes_name can now be configured using VIA_ROUTES_NAME app configuration variable. If routes_name keyword argument and VIA_ROUTES_NAME are not configured the default will be routes.
Parameters: | app (flask.app.Flask) – Flask application instance |
---|---|
Keyword Arguments: | |
|
|
Raises: | ImproperlyConfigured – If VIA_ROUTES_MODULE is not configured in appluication config and route_module keyword argument has not been provided. |
Custom exceptions which can be thrown by Flask-Via.
Base router classes and utilities.
Bases: object
Base router class all routers should inherit from providing common router functionality.
New in version 2014.05.06.
Example
from flask.ext.via.routers import BaseRouter
class MyRouter(BaseRouter):
def __init__(self, arg):
...
def add_to_app(self, app):
...
Bases: flask_via.routers.BaseRouter, flask_via.RoutesImporter
Adds the ability to include routes from other modules, this can be handy when you want to break out your routes into separate files for sanity.
New in version 2014.05.06.
Note
This is not a implementation of Flask blueprints
Constructor for Include router, taking the passed arguments and storing them on the instance.
url_prefix argument added
routes_name keyword argument default value set to None
endpoint keyword argument added
Parameters: | routes_module (str) – Python dotted path to the routes module |
---|---|
Keyword Arguments: | |
|
Instead of adding a route to the flask application this will include and load routes similar, same as in the flask_via.Via class.abs
url_prefix now injected into kwargs when loading in routes
endpoint now injects into kwargs when loading in routes
Parameters: |
|
---|
A set of flask specific router classes to be used when defining routes.
Example
from flask.ext.via.routes.flask import Basic, Pluggable
from yourapp.views import BarView, foo_view
routes = [
Basic('/foo', 'foo', foo_view),
Pluggable('/bar', BarView, 'bar'),
]
Bases: flask_via.routers.default.Functional
This is deprecated and will be removed in the next release. Please use Functional.
New in version 2014.05.06.
Deprecated since version 2014.05.19.
Bases: flask_via.routers.BaseRouter, flask_via.RoutesImporter
Registers a flask blueprint and registers routes to that blueprint, similar to flask_via.routers.Include.
New in version 2014.05.06.
Example
Auto creates Blueprint instance*
from flask.ext.via.routers import default
routes = [
default.Blueprint('foo', 'flask_via.examples.blueprints.foo')
]
Pass existing Blueprint instance*
from flask import Blueprint
from flask.ext.via.routers import default
blueprint = Blueprint('foo', __name__)
routes = [
default.Blueprint(blueprint)
]
Constructor for blueprint router.
Replaced name with name_or_instance argument which allows the router to take an already instantiated blueprint instance.
module argument optional when instance is passed as the first argument
routes_name keyword argument default value set to None
Parameters: | name (str, flask.blueprints.Blueprint) – Blueprint name or a Blueprint class instance |
---|---|
Keyword Arguments: | |
|
Creates a Flask blueprint and registers routes with that blueprint, this means any routes defined will be added to the blueprint rather than the application.
Parameters: |
|
---|
Returns a Flask Blueprint instance, either one provided or created here.
Renamed method from create_blueprint to blueprint
If instance attribute exists, use this is as the blueprint else create the blueprint.
Support for endpoint prefixing
Returns: | An instantiated Flask Blueprint instance |
---|---|
Return type: | flask.blueprints.Blueprint |
Bases: flask_via.routers.BaseRouter
A basic Flask router, used for the most basic form of flask routes, namely functionally based views which would normally use the @route decorator.
New in version 2014.05.19.
Example
from flask.ext.via.routes import default
from yourapp.views import foo_view, bar_view
routes = [
default.Functional('/foo', 'foo', foo_view),
default.Functional('/bar', 'bar', bar_view),
]
Basic router constructor, stores passed arguments on the instance.
Parameters: |
|
---|---|
Keyword Arguments: | |
endpoint (str, optional) – Optional endpoint string, by default flask will use the view function name as the endpoint name, use this argument to change the endpoint name. |
Adds the url route to the flask application object.mro
url_prefix can now be prefixed if present in kwargs
endpoint can now be prefixed if present in kwargs
Parameters: |
|
---|
Bases: flask_via.routers.BaseRouter
Pluggable View router class, allows Flask pluggable view routes to be added to the flask application.
New in version 2014.05.06.
Example
from flask.ext.via.routers import flask
from flask.views import MethodView
class FooView(MethodView):
def get(self):
return 'foo view'
class BarView(MethodView):
def get(self):
return 'bar view'
routes = [
flask.Pluggable('/', FooView, 'foo')
flask.Pluggable('/', BarView, 'bar')
]
Pluggable router constructor, stores passed arguments on instance.
Added view argument
Added endpoint argument
Parameters: |
|
---|
Adds the url route to the flask application object.
Changed in version 2014.05.19: Updated add_url_rule to support endpoint prefixing and support new way of defining Pluggable views
Parameters: |
|
---|
Routers for the Flask-Restful framework.
Bases: flask_via.routers.BaseRouter
The Resource router allows you to define Flask-Restful routes and have those API resources added to the application automatically. For this to work you must at init_app time pass a optional keyword argument restful_api to init_app with its value being the restful api extension instance.
New in version 2014.05.06.
Example
app = Flask(__name__)
api = restful.Api(app)
class FooResource(restful.Resource):
def get(self):
return {'hello': 'world'}
routes = [
Resource('/foo', FooResource)
]
via = Via()
via.init_app(
app,
routes_module='flask_via.examples.restful',
restful_api=api)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
Constructor for flask restful resource router.
Parameters: |
|
---|---|
Keyword Arguments: | |
endpoint (str, optional) – Optional, override Flask-Restful automatic endpoint naming |
Routers for the Flask-Admin framework.
Bases: flask_via.routers.BaseRouter
The Admin router allows you to define Flask-Admin routes and have those views added to the application automatically. For this to work you must at init_app time pass a optional keyword argument flask_admin to init_app with its value being the Flask-Aadmin extension instance.
New in version 2014.05.08.
Note
Flask-Admin has its own way of handling defining urls so this router literally only requires the Flask-Admin view class.
Example
app = Flask(__name__)
admin = Admin(name='Admin')
admin.init_app(app)
class FooAdminView(BaseView):
@expose('/')
def index(self):
return 'foo'
routes = [
AdminRoute(FooAdminView(name='Foo'))
]
via = Via()
via.init_app(
app,
routes_module='flask_via.examples.admin',
flask_admin=admin)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
Without the work of these people or organisations this project would not be possible, we salute you.